Facing current budgetary constraints, the application of a drug waste minimization model is effective in drug cost containment and may produce durable benefits.
If people knew of it... ........ (G5) In some geographical areas, such as Catalonia, where GPs are economically penalized for non-compliance with budgetary constraints, the application of these measures has had very negative results.
Harold E. Varmus, the director of the N.I.H., said the goal of the revision was to reduce "the amount of budgetary information requested from applications, allowing investigators, research institutions, peer reviewers, and N.I.H. staff to focus most intently on the science during the peer-review process".
The agency is confronting pressure from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to streamline and speed up the drug application process, budgetary concerns stemming from relatively stagnant public funding over the last several years, and disputes over subjects ranging from biological warfare to the regulation of genetically modified foods.
The Core is responsible for facilitating the review of Pilot/Feasibility Project applications and for budgetary oversight of the funded applications.
Ethical and budgetary constraints often limit the application of experimental study designs in health research, so that observational studies such as cohort or case-control studies have been widely undertaken as methodological alternatives [ 1– 5].
What's at stake in the current struggle is a small amount of money in Washington budgetary terms but a symbolically important application of the Bush administration's management philosophy.
This variable represents an output factor (Czarnitzki et al. 2009) from the UBG alliances and is also regarded as an input factor for subsequent rounds of patent applications, new product development, startups, and budgetary support from local governments (Bekkers and Bodas Freitas 2008).
This application also analyzes the effect of different budgetary scenarios in the technical and environmental performance of the network.
To date, massive budgetary funds are required in the biotechnological industry to develop new applications; a large part of that cost is attributable to the screening of specific chemical compounds.
However, the application of NIE was mostly focused on the budgetary constraints and institutional evolution, markets, and institutional development (Pal et al. [2003]).
