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Successful 'prolonged brood care' requires both parents and an unfaithful female being deserted by its male may face brood loss and consequently high fitness costs.
Additional studies report varying degrees of nest failure (complete or partial brood loss) based on finding P. downsi in nests [12], [13], [14], [19].
In uniparental species, desertion of the caregiver usually leads to total brood loss.
Loss of in-hive bees led to a large increase in brood loss from lack of care or food over the rest of the year and reduced the honey stores in the hive.
Previous studies of Exoneura show that per capita brood number increases with colony size [ 22, 29, 30] and this is largely due to avoidance of total brood loss to enemies-at-the-nest [ 31] – allodapine brood are not enclosed within cells (see Figure 1C E) and are therefore highly vulnerable to predation [ 22].
Although Shakarad and Gadagkar [ 10] established a decreasing variance in brood production with increasing colony size, they were not able to distinguish between benefits derived as a result of the CLT or from a better prevention of brood loss through protection from predation.
Similar(53)
(Ben Sisario) CHOCOLATE GENIUS INC. "Swansongs," the latest album from Chocolate Genius Inc. — the mercurial songwriter Marc Anthony Thompson — takes its time to brood over love, loss, memory and acceptance.
One hundred fifty-one years is a long time to brood over a loss.
To achieve thermal constancy of the brood this heat loss has to be compensated and minimized.
Long brooding over the loss of his homeland might have exaggerated its charm.
I was pretty bushed when I got home after work, and, to tell the truth, I was still brooding about the loss of my address book.
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