Our results might explain why a specific therapeutic vaccine, although safe and well-tolerated is not always able to break tolerance leading to the clearance of the hepatitis B virus.
Plasmids coding rat HER-2 were employed because xenogeneic immunisation is an effective way to break tolerance and induce T cells and antibodies crossreacting with the self, tolerated protein (Bowne et al, 1999; Overwijk et al, 1999).
These data support the further study of synthetic consensus DNA vaccines for breaking tolerance to important germline antigens.
All the above data point to the notion that cross-reactivity between bacteria and human citrullinated proteins can break tolerance and induce arthritis.
We describe the use of retrogen plasmid-based vaccine technology to break tolerance and to generate a robust, dose-dependent antibody response against the self cancer antigen, survivin.
This approach induced new, neo-antigen-like responses that were superior to those induced by native WT1 DNA immunogens for driving T cell immunity and breaking tolerance.
In this study, we use a novel synthetic micro-consensus SynCon DNA vaccine approach with the goal of breaking tolerance and increasing vaccine immune potency.
The vaccinated mice had significantly reduced primary tumour burden and at 24 weeks showed lower histological grade tumours, indicating that this approach is capable of breaking tolerance to self-antigens [17].
These novel strategies involve breaking tolerance to tumor self-antigens by inhibiting regulatory cells, boosting T-cell co-stimulation and using combinations of recombinant cytokines and other defined molecules with 'immuno-enhancing' activities.
One of the major approaches toward vaccine development is to define further how the body might break tolerance toward these self-antigens, enabling the immune system to effect an antitumor response efficiently.
Prostate cancer represents a unique challenge as the patients have circulating levels of the immunogen prostate-specific antimmunogen prostate-specificto creantigenoimmunity that breaks tolerance to PSA.
