These findings indicate that adult mosquitoes utilize a much broader range of host taxa than previously recognized, with implications for epidemiology and the evolution of host use patterns in mosquitoes.
The glycine reductase complex is predicted to play an important role in allowing B. pilosicoli to successful colonize a broader range of host species than B. hyodysenteriae, and it also may confer advantages to B. murdochii.
Because IVIG is far from an optimized therapeutic, and responses to IVIG vary considerably among patients, future studies are warranted to identify the broader range of host genetic factors that underlie the observed inter-subject differences in IVIG responses.
This is a particular challenge for wMel given the need to a adapt to a broader range of host cell types, host cell division rates, extracellular/intracellular environments, and ambient temperatures.
It is generally acknowledged that – apart from socioeconomic and demographic factors – a broader range of host response mechanisms, ranging from genetic factors, biological stress mechanisms and psychosocial processes, e.g. coping styles, social network of the patient, operate at the level of the individual, but have also an important influence at the population level [ 31, 33, 34, 36].
Preliminary support for this hypothesis comes from a recent comparative study of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp (Synalpheus spp ., showing that eusocial species were more abundant and occupied a broader range of host sponge species than non-social sister species (Duffy and Macdonald, 2010).
The facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is capable of replicating within a broad range of host cell types and host species.
This basic groove seems to be conserved among SRS proteins and potentially serves as a sulfated proteoglycan-binding site on target cell surfaces, thus rationalizing the promiscuous attachment properties of Toxoplasma to a broad range of host cell types.
Bromoviruses and cucumoviruses belong to the family Bromoviridae, which is one of the most important families of plant viruses, and infect a broad range of host plants including various economically important crops.
The rapid and easy generation of replication-deficient recombinant particles and the broad range of host cell infection have made alphaviruses attractive vehicles for applications in neuroscience and gene therapy.
