Interest groups are a natural outgrowth of the communities of interest that exist in all societies, from narrow groups such as the Japan Eraser Manufacturers Association to broad groups such as the American Federation of Labor Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL CIO) and to even broader organizations such as the military.
As argued by Wehrens et al. [ 16], a well-functioning boundary organization needs "internal room to discuss different perspectives, goals and expectations (and to find a balance that satisfies everyone involved) while the legitimacy of the activities, products and projects is not questioned in the broader organizations of the participants".
They could learn what hard work looks like, and learn their place in the broader organization.
O.E.C.D. officials said China had given no sign of wanting to formally join the anti-bribery group or the broader organization.
The Freenet China project uses the publishing technology of a broader organization, the Free Internet Project, known as Freenet, to disseminate information about China on the Web.
Howard, for her part, wants to create a broader organization dedicated to education about women's role in history, which might, for example, develop curricula for schools.
Though there was no formal relationship, in many cases the leader was an AIPAC member, and as the PACs raised funds they looked to the broader organization for direction.
Even the case against UBS — which did involve a rare, corporate guilty plea — was structured so that a foreign subsidiary with no real exposure to the United States was used to limit the potential consequences to the broader organization.
"People have a really difficult time making decisions after they've lost their faith," said Amanda Schneider, who organized a local Recovering From Religion group in Santa Fe (and also helps manage the broader organization).
Though the FBI considers the San Bernardino killings a terrorist attack, there is no evidence as yet that Farook and Malik acted under the direction of a broader organization, and the iPhone in possession of the FBI is the only one of Farook and Malik's three phones that the pair didn't destroy.
They are still reviewing information in his computer, hoping that it might explain Mr. Ressam's plans for the explosives hidden in the wheelwell of his car, his possible accomplices and any broader organization or group that may have sponsored the plot.
