When fathers and male peers are aware, engaged and supportive of girls' development and their rights, they play a very strong role in changing broader norms and perceptions.
"This novel insight points to broader norms, market failures or institutional constraints that alter the effectiveness of these resources for women," the report says.
In terms of tackling broader norms however, this week has seen the launch of an innovative regional East and south-east Asia curriculum, "Transforming masculinities towards gender justice".
These include: moving from niches and demonstration projects to broader norms; addressing reductions targets and indicators to guide policy and action; including policy design reflecting complexities such as time-lags, the resource nexus, and positive feedback loops; global resource governance; and convergence pathways between over-consuming and under-consuming societies.
This observation is consistent with previous research suggesting that broader norms and structures of extended families condition the effect of large sibship sizes for educational attainment (Downey and Neubauer 1998; Lloyd and Blanc 1996; Shavit and Pierce 1991).
Regularised practices became established whereby broad norms of behaviour were established amongst market actors and regulators, with the expectation that transgressors would be punished.
A continued conversation is necessary to help develop at least broad norms and best practices regarding informed patient decision-making and care in the medical tourism sector if these conflicts of interest are to be visible to patients and managed in their interest.
In addition, it will require implementing policies, services, programmes and broader social norm change initiatives – all of which require additional resources.
"What is abundantly clear is that the problem goes way beyond the arts," Laura Raicovich, the director of the Queens Museum in New York, told HuffPost, "and is a much broader social norm that we must upend.
We conducted an image-based web survey of 494 southeast Michigan exurban homeowners to investigate the influence of implicit neighborhood norms as well as broader cultural norms on individual preferences for six alternative front yard designs ranging from conventional yards dominated by mown turf to mature native woodlands and native prairie garden designs.
