Sentence examples for broadening using the from inspiring English sources

The average MgO nanoparticle size for both syntheses (with and without the use of CNTs) was determined from the X-ray diffraction line broadening using the Scherrer formula [25], and their average values are about 11 and 7.1 nm, respectively.

The particle size of the CeO2 sample can be also estimated from the Raman line broadening using the following Equation 1 [24, 27] 27]: Γ ( cm − 1 ) = 10 + 124.7 D R, (1).

The crystallite size and strain depend on the 2θ peak position which enables us to determine the effect of peak broadening using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) method [16, 17]: β cos θ = k λ D + 4 ε sin θ.

The crystal sizes of the TiO2 samples were determined from the diffraction peak broadening using the Scherrer formula shown in Figure 5b,c.

Average crystallite size was calculated from the peak broadening using the Debye Scherrer relation, which presents a value of 12 nm for sample (a) and 18 nm for sample (b).

Crystallite size was estimated from XRD peak broadening using the Scherrer calculation [64]: where d is crystallite diameter, λ is the wavelength of the X-rays, B is the peak breadth of the XRD peak, and θ B is the Bragg angle (in radians).

The theoretical spectra were broadened using a Gaussian to represent the energy spread of the electron beam, a fixed Lorentzian to represent the broadening due to the finite life-time of the initial state and an energy dependent Lorentzian to represent the broadening due to finite life-time of the final state.

Diffraction line broadening analysis using the convolutional multiple whole profile method provided a dislocation density of 1.51 × 1015 m−2 in austenite after partial martensite transformation.

These particle sizes are well in agreement with the crystallite size calculated from the XRD broadening method using the Scherrer equation (Table 1).

Microstructural parameters of two PrCo1 − x Fe x O3 series synthesized at 700 and 800 °C were evaluated from the analysis of the XRD profile broadening by using the external Si standard.

The procedure had been in use since 1968, but in April the F.A.A. announced it would broaden use of the procedure, and some pilots unions said the changes raised the chance that planes would collide.