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The observed heterogeneity in bacteria are in part responses to environmental stress or host defense mechanisms, which select for deletions and rearrangements in the bacterial genome which can alter virulence and broaden host range [ 7].
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However the presence of a second vwb gene may increase clotting activity or help broaden host specificity.
In this hypothesis, the species of Aleiodes s. l. that broaden their host range by recruitment of new hosts, sometimes from additional lepidopteran families, promote subsequent radiation within the group.
Although human disease caused by influenza (H5N1) is a rare event (2 ), the virus has become endemic among bird populations in some areas of Asia and has continued to spread geographically and to broaden its host range.
Reductions in chemoreceptor numbers suggests that D. noxia relies upon phytotoxic salivary proteins to overcome host defenses and enhance the nutritional value of its hosts, thereby reducing its reliance upon chemoreceptors to identify suitable hosts and to broaden its host range [ 70, 71].
One of the species moving west, the ancestor of the Y. cagnagellus irrorellus clade, also broadened its host range to include Rosaceae (and further on to Salicaceae).
Its isolation from a wild buffalo broadens the host range of M. orygis.
D. noxia's reduced gene content of may reflect the influence of phytotoxic feeding in shaping the D. noxia genome, and in turn in broadening its host range.
Pseudotyping of LVs or oncoretroviral vectors with VSV.G broadens the host range by enabling them to enter the cells via receptor mediated endocytosis [ 12].
The report of illness in the Asiatic golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) and the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) broadens the host range of the virus among mammals.
The transmission of genetic material through HGT is very common in bacteria, but has also been identified in several fungal species, particularly in terms of pathogenicity and virulence genes, resulting in pathogens broadening their host range and/or increasing their virulence.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com