First, they possess an efficient cellulose and hemicellulose degrading machinery along with thermostable enzymes for biomass hydrolysis and ferment broad substrate spectrum, including pentoses/hexoses to Ethanol [9, 11, 39].
Recently, we isolated a kefir yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus KY3 (data not shown), that has the potential to serve as a host for bioethanol production and a biorefinery platform, because the strain has broad substrate spectrum, including both hexose and pentose sugars, and produce valuable flavor byproducts such as 2-phenylethanol.
These enzymes have a broad ω-6 fatty acid substrate spectrum, including both C18 and C20 ω-6 fatty acids although they prefer the C20 substrates, and have strong Δ-17 desaturase activity but weaker Δ-15 desaturase activity.
Laccases possess a number of advantages including a broad substrate spectrum.
Laccases are regarded as industrially relevant enzymes due to their broad substrate spectrum and wide range of reactions that they catalyze, including cross-linking of phenolic compounds, degradation of polymers, ring cleavage and oxyfunctionalization of aromatic compounds.
To find a PNGase candidate with a broad substrate spectrum like PNGase A, which can release all types of N-glycans including those of plant and invertebrate species, and which can also be conveniently expressed in E. coli, like PNGase F, is a major challenge.
We have recently isolated a kefir yeast, K. marxianus KY3, which is efficient in fermenting ethanol from hexose and pentose sugars and has many other advantages, including thermo-tolerance, a high growth rate, broad growth temperature and pH ranges, efficient secretion of heterologously expressed proteins and a broad substrate spectrum [ 23].
The broad substrate spectrum renders SuSy1 from potato a versatile biocatalyst for carbohydrate engineering.
The homodimeric enzyme has a broad substrate spectrum and an excellent stereoselectivity, but is rapidly inactivated at aqueous organic interfaces.
The keto ester reductase from Candida glabrata, designated as CgKR1, is a highly versatile biocatalyst with a broad substrate spectrum.
The recombinant AcCR exhibited excellent enantioselectivity, broad substrate spectrum, and highly stereoselective anti-Prelog reduction of prochiral ketones.
