The broad specific aims of this Core (Richard Flavell, PI) are to enable diabetes-related research through the generation of unique, genetically-modified mutant mouse models.
These findings provide the first evidence that tic patient sera exhibit immunological profiles typical of individuals who elicited a broad, specific and strong immune response against GAS.
Thus, vaccination of BALB/c mice with HIVBr18 was able to induce broad specific immune responses against eight epitopes encoded by the vaccine.
Nvvasa protein expression was assessed with an anti-vasa broad specific polyclonal antiserum first described by Chang et al. [36] which was successfully tested for detection of nvvasa in adult N. vectensis polyps by Extavour et al. [30].
In addition, all TEPITOPE-selected HIV-1 peptides were predicted to bind to H-2d class II molecules, and immunization of BALB/c (H-2d) mice with HIVBr18 also induced broad specific T cell responses to predicted peptides (unpublished observations).
We recently reported that a DNA vaccine encoding such promiscuous epitopes (HIVBr18) was able to induce broad specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in mice transgenic to common HLA class II alleles (HLA-DR2, -DR4, -DQ6, -DQ8) [27].
To determine whether this vaccine concept would be able to induce a broad specific immune response, splenocytes from immunized mice were incubated with each of the 18 individual HIV-1 peptides encoded by the DNA vaccine (Table S1).
Plant-derived anticancer agents are broad specific and affect multiple pathways simultaneously.
The third group is broad specific β-glucosidases that exhibit activity on a wide range of substrates, and are the most commonly observed form of β-glucosidases [ 23].
However, lipases are well known for their broad specific activity, and in some cases are active on more than 50 different ester linked substrates [ 27], including hydroxycinnamoyl and carbohydrate esters.
On the other hand the enzymatic similarity of paralogous enzymes can also be interpreted as supporting the patchwork model, according to which broad specific enzymes tend to catalyse chemically similar reactions even when acting on different types of substrates [ 43].
