Other proteins evolve at intermediate rates; the hemoglobins, for example, can be used for reconstructing evolutionary history over a fairly broad range of time (see figure).
My research spans a broad range of time and spatial scales, from the development of mountain ranges over millions of years through the development of small landforms and watersheds over 10s-100s of thousands of years.
As a result, the tensile relaxation modulus of the latter system is considerably greater than the modulus of conventional gels and is approximately constant, forming an equilibrium zone for a broad range of time.
Contributions of different morphological features to the total solar irradiance variations in the broad range of time scales from seconds up to many years can be definitely established in this manner for the first time.
The CSC thus offers an unprecedented look at the variability of the X-ray sky over a broad range of time scales, and across a wide diversity of variable X-ray sources: stars in the local galactic neighborhood, galactic and extragalactic X-ray binaries, Active Galactic Nuclei, etc.
Within this global system approach the dynamic interaction between all components (ground, heating, cooling and ventilation system, building, users, control) is crucial, leading to a broad range of time scales to cope with, which in turn increases the importance of dynamic simulations, control system design as well as monitoring and commissioning.
For the selection of the closed-loop time constant, λ, a guideline is also provided over a broad range of time-delay/time-constant ratios.
"In a general sense, I think the significance of our discovery is that it opened up the field of controlled drug delivery systems, allowing for treatments with molecules of varying sizes that could be delivered over a broad range of time--from days to months," Langer said.
The study also revealed a broad range of times until antibiotic administration.
Statistical analysis of the data revealed that heating of the DNA-encased MWNTs solutions was significantly greater than what occurred for the non-DNA-encased MWNTs over a broad range of times, power levels, and concentrations.
As conservative endonuclease cleavage sites may reflect phylogenetic relationships of bacteria [ 8, 19], we carried out comparative analysis of representative Salmonella lineages by the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) techniques on strains of S. enteritidis, S. pullorum and S. gallinarum isolated at broad ranges of time or geographic localities.
