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They are responsible for brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis that affects a broad range of mammals [17], and can also infect humans where it may cause Malta fever, a serious debilitating chronic disease [18].
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a bacterial respiratory pathogen that infects a broad range of mammals, causing chronic and often subclinical infections.
Coronaviruses (CoV) in the genera Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus (order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, subfamily Coronavirinae) infect a broad range of mammals, including humans (1 ).
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussishu, the causative agents of whooping cough, are human-adapted variants of Bordetella bronchiseptica, which naturally infects a broad range of mammals causing chronic and often asymptomatic infections [ 1].
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In previous works, we have reported that the expression of AMPs in bovine endothelial cells is a useful tool to explore antibacterial, fungicidal, and cytotoxic activities against a broad range of mammal pathogens and human tumor cell lines [ 15, 16].
Our results thus validate for the first time the utility of UCPs as reliable biomarkers of nutritional status in a non-hominid primate species, and suggest that the measurement of UCPs has potential for being useful for a broader range of mammals.
In the present study, comparisons between human and primate SEP53, as well as phylogenetic analyses on a broader range of mammal species, identified the signature of an arms race, suggesting that SEP53 could be engaged in antagonistic interactions with a pathogen.
They infect a wide range of mammals, including essentially all economically important domestic mammals, many wild species, and humans.
G. intestinalis infects humans and a broad range of other mammals including wild and domestic animals, and causes diarrhea.
Reductions in predator avoidance behavior are the most consistent responses to domestication and have been observed across a broad range of taxa, including mammals, birds, and fish [ 12- 14].
E2F transcription factors have been studied extensively in a broad range of organisms, such as mammals [ 30], worm [ 31], frog [ 32], fly [ 33] and plants [ 34].
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