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The facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is capable of replicating within a broad range of host cell types and host species.
This basic groove seems to be conserved among SRS proteins and potentially serves as a sulfated proteoglycan-binding site on target cell surfaces, thus rationalizing the promiscuous attachment properties of Toxoplasma to a broad range of host cell types.
Bromoviruses and cucumoviruses belong to the family Bromoviridae, which is one of the most important families of plant viruses, and infect a broad range of host plants including various economically important crops.
The rapid and easy generation of replication-deficient recombinant particles and the broad range of host cell infection have made alphaviruses attractive vehicles for applications in neuroscience and gene therapy.
Second, in its native range, H. longicornis is a host generalist, associated with a broad range of host species11,28, including many livestock animals that are also present in the U.S that may readily serve as hosts and facilitate the tick's establishment.
Given the broad range of host species where Brachyspira pilosicoli is found intimately adherent along the colonic epithelium together with EHS, we hypothesize that cross-talk between these bacteria leads to coordinate expression of genes involved in colonization and breakdown of colonic mucosal epithelial barrier function.
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While some species are host-specific, most have a fairly broad range of hosts, and a number are economically significant plant pathogens.
Although speculative, according to predicted host ranges in the recent GOV data set2 and taxonomical affiliation of hosts of nearest viruses to our virus 37-F6, we hypothesize that vSAG 37-F6-like populations could infect a broad range of hosts from different phyla (Fig. 4), which might partly explain the large genetic diversity within that viral population.
The findings suggest that the virus may have a remarkably broad range of hosts, Osterhaus says.
RVs have surfaced on every continent except Africa and infect a broad range of hosts, including fish and reptiles, but it is uncommon for them to kill large numbers of individuals in more than one or two species.
These translocated virulence factors, more commonly referred to as 'effector molecules' (DNA, protein or nucleoprotein complexes), have a broad range of host-altering functions, such as highjacking of vesicular trafficking [7], cytoskeletal modification [8], ubiquitination system exploitation [9], and genome introgression [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].
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