While this approach was developed within a particular geographical setting, the outcomes almost certainly have broader application, interstate and internationally.
And while aides say he has not been persuaded to mount a campaign, he has fashioned a second-term agenda for the city that is in many ways as national as it is local, focusing on broad issues like interstate gun trafficking, illegal immigration, energy and environmentally sound growth.
Judge Vinson wrote that while the Commerce Clause of the Constitution gave the government broad authority to regulate interstate commerce, it did not allow Congress to penalize people for the "inactivity" of declining to buy a commercial product.
Since the New Deal, the court has consistently held that Congress has broad constitutional power to regulate interstate commerce.
Despite the federal ban on the sale of nonpasteurized products in interstate commerce, the broad use of pasteurization by the dairy industry, and the infrequency with which nonpasteurized dairy products are consumed, illnesses and outbreaks associated with consumption of these products continue to occur (4 – 23 ).
Siding with the four liberals this time, he correctly held that Congress' power over taxation is even broader than its power over interstate commerce, and amply supported an annual payment from Americans who wished to remain uninsured.
Judge Kessler adopted the government's position on whether Congress's authority to regulate interstate commerce is so broad that it can require people to buy a commercial product.
He gave the opinion of the Court in Cooley v. Board of Port Wardens, which established the broad power of Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, and in Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken Land and Improvement Company, which confirmed the government's power to assess and collect sums due to it by its agents without resort to law.
The message here is clear: There remains a powerful need for broad federal legislation to close potentially lethal interstate loopholes.
But both challenge the insurance requirement on the ground that it cannot be supported by the commerce clause of the United States Constitution, which gives Congress broad but not unlimited authority to regulate interstate commerce.
