If the IR-flux has a broad gradient, the heating rate is trivial for timescales of a few hours.
The harvest treatments were designed to create a broad gradient of surface soil disturbance, while the site preparation treatments were done to encompass a range of site drainage and aeration conditions.
Thus, our definition restricts the analysis to megafauna-dependent species as described by Barlow [8], [17], who acknowledges this broad gradient of reliance on megafauna dispersers among higher plants' fruits.
Both within and between continents, we captured a broad gradient in lake and catchment morphometry, geology, climate and catchment land use, yet we detected strong differences in the mean and in the dynamics of lake trophic state between North America and Europe.
We chose to maximize the number of patches (our sampling units) to encompass a broad gradient of local pollination environments.
Our results also confirm that immune system genes experience a broad gradient of selective pressures and highlight that the targets of selection can differ among taxonomic groups.
We used the 28 R. ferrugineum heathland patches found at this location because they display a broad gradient of patch size.
By activating Toll signaling in a broad gradient, these eggshell cues would provide global polarity to the embryo, which is essential for establishing bilateral symmetry.
