They want broad exceptions to the rules, especially for large trades, which they say will disrupt markets if done openly.
Environmental groups like Greenpeace said the European Union package "watered down" an ambitious program by giving too many carbon credits for free, allowing some industries broad exceptions to the emissions limits and giving countries too much leeway to offset pollution at home by investing in green projects overseas.
Mr. Holder proposed carving out a broad new exception to the Miranda rights established in a landmark 1966 Supreme Court ruling.
If the courts rule drug testing of welfare recipients to be constitutional, a broad new exception to the fourth amendment will have been carved out.
Nevertheless, Mr. Fukuyama acknowledges, the evolution has been slowed somewhat by developments he did not quite foresee, including the rise of a militant Islam that constitutes "a broad Muslim exception to the overall pattern of democratic development".
Such a broad exception, critics say, stands to weaken international nonproliferation norms.
Two countries that have championed the cause of creating a broad public health exception to global patent rules, India and Brazil, appeared satisfied, however.
The Bush administration's tussle with Bayer A.G. -- in which Washington forced the company to sharply reduce the price of its anthrax drug Cipro -- has emboldened developing countries to insist on a broad "public health" exception to international patent rules for other drugs, like those used to keep AIDS victims alive.
One broad exception; equity focused growth & income funds, which tend to weight heavily in financial service names (such as Dividend Growth, Growth & Income, Equity & Income); not the subprime place to be in 07 but likely one of the best bets when I write this column next year.
But the body's rules include a broad exception for national security that the Chinese could cite if the United States tried to challenge them.
