Furthermore, when possible, we selected at least two species that span a broad evolutionary range for each tested groups, for which the primer preference may be different, maximizing the probability of finding all genes for a group.
However, they both share only very short blocks of conserved synteny with D. bruxellensis, clearly indicating the broad evolutionary range covered by this group of yeasts.
Compared with the broad evolutionary range covered by the multiple phylogenetic lineages of yeasts (Kurtzman et al. 2011), attention was primarily focused on members of the Saccharomycetaceae family and, to a lesser extent, to species of the broadly defined "CTG group" comprising yeasts using a slightly modified genetic code (reviewed in Dujon 2010).
The sequences of all known actins of selected vertebrate species and of muscle-like actins of a number of other species, covering a broad range of evolutionary history, were extracted from GenBank (Supplemental Table 1).
Understanding the properties of new mutations is critical to a broad range of evolutionary theory, including models relating to the maintenance of genetic variation in the face of selection [ 1- 3], the persistence of small populations [ 4], and the advantages of sexual reproduction [ 5- 7].
Gene frequency distributions for almost 400 groups of 10 bacterial or archaeal species each over a broad range of evolutionary distances were fit to steady-state, infinite allele models based on the distribution of gene replacement rates and the phylogenetic tree relating the species in each group.
