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All these effects may contribute to the broad emission from the rings.
By the same token, when the annealing temperature increases, the bandwidth of the broad emission from ZnO-nc decreases, thus resulting in decreasing the spectral overlap between the ZnO-nc broadband emission and the Eu3+ ion excitation and therefore a reduction in energy transfer from the ZnO-nc to the Eu3+ ions leading to a reduction in the red emission intensity from the Eu3+ ions.
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The luminescence characteristics display broad emission ranging from 450 to 650 nm, which originates from the trap-state emission, as shown in Figure 5[11, 12].
For the bare sample (quantum efficiency ≅ 1%), broad emission ranging from 450 to 650 nm is dominant (Figure 3b), which originates from the trap-state emission [27, 36].
In addition, there is a broad emission ranging from 500 to 680 nm in the PL spectrum of sample C.
PL spectra of ZnO NPs in different solvents show a broad emission ranging from 400 to 600 nm with the emphasis in the violet-blue range, Fig. 2b.
This broad emission band from the ZnO nanotubes/GaN film heterostructure LED is generally related to the fabrication process of nanotubes with a low temperature regime which produces a large number of defects with high diversity.
III-Nitride quantum dots have also been applied by Chua et al. [14], not to generate narrow linewidth but to have a broad emission spectrum covering from 400 to 700 nm to mimic white (daylight) emission.
In the PL spectra of the CdSe QDs, there is a broad emission band originating from the surface trap sites besides the band-to-band emission, especially in the samples with smaller size, which decreases not only the monochromaticity of the fluorescence but also the quantum yields of the QDs.
These values are consistent with the BH mass values from broad emission lines with an assumption of a virial factor of 5.5.
Compared with the typical emissions of the central Eu3+, the broad emission band mainly originated from the emission of the host SBA-15.
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