Normal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations are known to neutralize a wide array of pathogens plus their virulence factors and in addition possess broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities.
Here we highlight two major immune-related functional modules, the largest identified Module 1 and a more compact Module 8 as two most representative gene clusters reflecting the broad array of diverse pathogens and immune stimuli used in the microarray experiments employed in our analyses.
In the case of β-xylosidase, the enzyme is conserved across a broad array of fungal and bacterial pathogens, suggesting a vital function that could make it a PAMP targeted by receptors that activate PTI.
Following phagocytosis, PMNs destroy pathogens by releasing highly microbicidal NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a broad array of potent antimicrobial components into the pathogen-containing vacuoles [2].
Here we describe that multiple brands of cigarettes are rich in bacterial diversity, harboring a broad array of microorganisms from environmental bacteria and commensals to potential human pathogens.
In the latter area, the pathogen population is composed of a very broad array of different pathotypes with no evidence of linkage disequilibrium (Burdon and Roelfs 1985b).
Gram-negative pathogens make a thick LPS coat to provide a broad array of crucial protection [28].
The ligands are called pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and include a broad array of microbial molecules build-up of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, or synthetic chemicals.
The E. coli is regarded as the prototypical pluripotent pathogens capable of causing a wide variety of illnesses in a broad array of species, including pyelonephritis, diarrhea, dysentery, and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome [ 38].
The 8.06-Mb genome of this highly transmissible pathogen, consisting of three circular chromosomes and a plasmid, encodes a broad array of functions typical of metabolically versatile genus Burkholderia, as well as several virulence and drug resistance functions [5].
