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The active site of MetAP2 has a structural motif characteristic of many metalloenzymes, including the dioxygen carrier protein, hemerythrin; the dinuclear non-heme iron protein, ribonucleotide reductase; leucine aminopeptidase; urease; arginase; several phosphatases and phosphoesterases, which include two bridging carboxylate ligands and a bridging water or hydroxide ligand.
Two dinuclear units are centrosymmetrically connected via bridging water molecules into a tetrameric structure.
The binding sites are characterized by imperfect packing, planar architectures, bridging water molecules, and, on average, smaller size.
Water molecules have to be included explicitly by the user because of the problem of the distinction of bridging water molecules in the active site from solvent water which our method does not handle.
Possible water-mediated interactions involving the ligand or ion, with up to four bridging water molecules, are not displayed by default but can be added to the diagram through the menu.
In addition, a hole is formed at the protein surface as a result of helix H5 distortion, which exposes the di-iron cluster and the bridging water molecule to solvent (Fig. 6A and 6B).
In addition, the absence of the key flap-ligand bridging water molecule might imply a different catalytic mechanism of MDR769 HIV-1 protease compared to that of wild type (WT) HIV-1 protease.
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These are His, His, Asp and the bridging water/hydroxide.
In the unliganded enzyme (15), this residue ligates Zn2 and makes a hydrogen bond to the bridging water/hydroxide, the likely nucleophile in the reaction.
The interatomic distance between the two metal ions is 3.6 Å, and the distance to the bridging water/hydroxide is 2.0 2.1 Å.
We propose that the presence of a bridging water/hydroxide ligand in conjunction with the placement of an active site histidine supports a distinctive amidation mechanism.
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