Rather, people acquire the disease when some other mosquito, known as a bridge vector, bites an infected bird and then bites a person.
Furthermore, this finding could support the ability of Ae. albopictus mosquito to serve as a bridge vector, capable of mediating the spillover of a virus from rural-cycle to urban-cycle, role already suggested for this species in regard to other viruses, including WNV [34], [35].
Cx. pipiens is a major WNV enzootic and bridge vector in North America (5, 6 ).
restuans as the primary enzootic and epizootic vectors among birds, Cx. salinarius as the primary bridge vector for humans, and Aedes/Ochlerotatus spp. as bridge vectors for equine infection.
This finding suggests that this species may act as a bridge vector for exchange between forest and peridomestic habitats.
This species may serve as a potential bridge vector on the basis of certain ecologic and behavioral criteria.
Mammalian feeding preferences coupled with low vector competence for WNV indicate that this species probably would not be an enzootic or bridge vector of WNV in California.
Infrequent human and horse infections by EEEV may arise when Cs. melanura mosquitoes occasionally feed on mammals rather than by participation of another epidemic/epizootic bridge vector.
In the American Northeast, for example, Culex pipiens mosquitoes, the dominant enzootic and bridge vector there, shift their feeding preference from bird to mammal in late summer [ 32].
Ae. vexans mosquitoes are often mentioned as a possible bridge vector of EEEV in the northeastern United States (1, 3, 5, 12, 33 ).
Mosquitoes of the genus Culex have been reported as the most important bridge vectors in the United States, with Cx. pipiens as the dominant bridge vector in the northeastern, north-central, and mid-Atlantic United States, Cx. quinquefasciatus in the south and southwest, and Cx.
