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Rather, people acquire the disease when some other mosquito, known as a bridge vector, bites an infected bird and then bites a person.
Furthermore, this finding could support the ability of Ae. albopictus mosquito to serve as a bridge vector, capable of mediating the spillover of a virus from rural-cycle to urban-cycle, role already suggested for this species in regard to other viruses, including WNV [34], [35].
Cx. pipiens is a major WNV enzootic and bridge vector in North America (5, 6 ).
This finding suggests that this species may act as a bridge vector for exchange between forest and peridomestic habitats.
This species may serve as a potential bridge vector on the basis of certain ecologic and behavioral criteria.
Infrequent human and horse infections by EEEV may arise when Cs. melanura mosquitoes occasionally feed on mammals rather than by participation of another epidemic/epizootic bridge vector.
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Armstrong, P. M. & Andreadis, T. G. Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes and their role as bridge vectors.
Small mammals are reservoirs for the rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum and tick vectors may include catholic-feeding bridge vectors as well as host-specialist or nidicolous ticks.
For example, vector-born diseases are often thought of as the result of ectoparasites that have broad host preferences (so-called bridge vectors), which occasionally spread diseases to humans [55] [57].
Anthropophilic mosquitoes, such as Ae. aegypti, are believed to serve as significant bridge vectors to humans [35], and thus act as a suitable model vector for our study focusing on the effect of mosquito feeding on WNV transmission to mammals.
Mosquitoes that tend to feed on multiple host species have the potential to act as bridge vectors, occasionally transferring pathogens from the reservoir host/maintenance cycle to humans or domestic animals.
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