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In ceramics produced with such microstructures, cracks are deflected from a straight path, leading to a dramatic increase in crack length; at the same time particles behind the advancing crack tip bridge the crack, tending to hold it closed.
However, when there is no bond at all, the matrix crack follows a flatter path and more inclusions bridge the crack.
During cyclic fatigue the glass phase has insufficient time to relax and glassy ligaments are able to bridge the crack wake thereby shielding the crack tip from the full force of the applied load.
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From the results, it is evident that the ductility of fiber-reinforced concrete depends primarily on the fibers' ability to bridge the cracks at high levels of strain.
New class of 2D and 3D textile and woven fabric composites offer excellent fracture toughness as they bridge the cracks formed during fracture.
The observations from scanning electron microscopy revealed that CNTs bridge the cracks in epoxy matrix indicating a reinforcing effect.
During the loading process the wires undergo a martensitic phase transformation, bridging the crack.
Moreover, it modifies the crack geometry by bridging the crack lips and reduces the stress range at crack tip.
Increases in fracture toughness are shown to result from the onset of stable fibril formation bridging the crack plane and increased plastic deformation.
Nickel-alumina bonding was moderate and about 60% of the fibres contributed to toughening by bridging the crack.
The macro-size carbon z-pins, together with the crossover continuous fibres, promote a strong extrinsic toughening mechanism (∼200% increase in the interlaminar fracture energy) behind the crack tip and over a larger length-scale via both the z-pins and crossover fibres bridging the crack faces.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com