Hundreds of others are under investigation, as police seek to establish how far the system of corrupt contracts – including those for migrant reception centres – bribes, kickbacks and extortion has entered the city's politics, business and administration.
The case studies, written by investigative journalists from South Africa and Britain, charge that competing interests among those seeking to benefit financially have left preparations for the 2010 World Cup vulnerable to "manipulation through the use of influence, political pressure, bribes, fraud and extortion".
Moreover, most national anti-corruption official commissions see their mandate relating solely to bribes and to extortion involving cash and would not touch "Sextortion".
We found that while Chinese and Russian firms often hope for some of the same things as their counterparts in mature economies as regards alliances, they are also interested in other things not normally associated with alliances: political influence, relief from paying bribes, and protection from extortion or even violence.
This insurance reduces the bureaucrat's total revenue from corruption, but may also increase the risk of expropriation and extortion bribes.
The Ben Ali extended family are described as the worst offenders, their lavish life accompanied by "a wide-range of corrupt schemes," including "property expropriation and extortion of bribes".
The crimes he is accused of committing either before or after he became mayor fall into six broad categories: fraud, accepting bribes, attempted extortion, wire and mail fraud, illegal currency transactions and money laundering.
But they too have been implicated in human rights abuses and what Jose Miguel Vivanco, executive director of the Americas division of Human Rights Watch, called "the whole system of bribes, threats, extortion, privileges and surveillance by which this government has preserved and accumulated power".
Salvatore Battaglia, the local's former president, is facing trial on federal charges accusing him of extortion, receiving bribes and hiding Mafia involvement in the union.
