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Because k refers to the variance of the selection criterion, rather than the variance of true breeding values, it is independent of the accuracy of selection.
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From these breeding values, it was clear that there were no individual tree breeding values that had very little damage resulting from the disease.
Furthermore, in contrast to the results obtained by predicting breeding values, it has been shown that for QTL mapping regression on single marker alleles can compete with haplotype based methods using IBD [ 5].
Detecting temporal trends in breeding values is essential to assess whether there is an evolutionary change.
One of the challenges in genomic prediction of breeding values is that not all phenotyped individuals are genotyped.
Using the resulting lactation yields, breeding values were predicted and comparisons were made between the sampling regimes and estimation methods.
Biased prediction of breeding values is a problem often encountered under conditions of preferential treatment (Kuhn and Freeman 1995).
In current breeding programs, estimation of breeding values is based on phenotypes of selection candidates and their relatives, often measured after animals reach to a certain age.
Trends in breeding values were always larger than what could be expected based on drift alone (Table 2, Fig. 3).
Eventually, breeding values could be weighted for many qualities thought to be important to the breed.
Deregressed estimated breeding values (DEBV) were used as response variables to estimate SNP effects.
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