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The EBV1 values were therefore used as the true breeding values, the standard against which other estimated breeding values from the cross-validation studies were compared.
More specifically, for each iteration from the model, we computed the average breeding values per generation of (i) actual estimated breeding values from the population and (ii) simulated breeding values under drift (rbv function in MCMCglmm).
In the first strategy, 25 males and 250 females were selected from 500 males and 500 females based on the prediction of breeding values from the estimation of markers effect under model a) and b), denoted and GSA and GSD, respectively.
Genomic selection, which aims to predict breeding values from the summed effects of genome-wide genetic markers (Meuwissen et al. 2001), has the potential to accelerate the current breeding cycle of P. taeda from 12 to 20 years to less than 7 years (Resende et al. 2012a).
Animals were ranked based on their predicted breeding values from the PED and IBD-GS models, respectively.
The purpose of the simulation was to study properties of estimated breeding values from the BER and BB methods, and to compare the estimated breeding values.
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This is a breeding value computed from the individuals sire, maternal grandsire, and maternal grand sire breeding values from 2003, before the bulls in the validation data sets had any daughter information (this "sire pathway" breeding value is often used for selection because dam information may be missing or biased).
A larger divergence between breeds and limited LD across the two populations is expected to lead to less accurate across-breed prediction of breeding values from genomic data [ 23].
GS is based on the prediction of breeding values from individual genotypes (estimated genomic breeding values, GEBV).
The dataset comprised 116 941 de-regressed breeding values from 25 countries [ 18].
Estimated breeding values from routine breeding estimation were used for fertility traits.
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