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The accuracy of these estimates was calculated as the correlation between the GW-EBV and the true breeding value, which is known in this simulation study.
Tree breeders typically make breeding decisions based on an individual's breeding value, which is the average performance of an individual's offspring.
All comparisons were made on the basis of the correlation between the observed phenotype and the predicted breeding value, which is referred to as predictive ability, following [ 30].
In animal breeding, the value of a breeding animal is mostly determined by its so-called breeding value, which is purely additive.
In animal breeding, the genetic potential of an animal is summarized as its estimated breeding value, which is derived from its own performance as well as the performance of related individuals.
Before we derive covariance between individual, the individual's total breeding value, which is the total heritable impact of an individual's genes on the mean trait value of the population when interaction differ between kin and strangers, is given as: Taking the variance of the total breeding value yields When we have one family common in two groups, there are only three informative covariances.
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We show here that accuracies of GEBV were approximately 1.3 times larger than accuracies of sire maternal-grandsire pathway breeding values, which are currently used to select bull calves to enter progeny testing.
Individual phenotypes were then simulated with a heritability of 0.02 by adding NIID error terms to the individual's breeding value, which was the sum of the allelic effects at the QTL.
Hence, the effect of heritability on the accuracy of selection is somewhat larger for traditional BLUP schemes than for a scheme with genome-wide breeding values, which is in agreement with the literature on genomic selection [ 13] and marker assisted selection ([ 14] and others).
The genetic trends for the NCD and lnNCD were assessed, using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) breeding values, which were estimated with the same animal model as the heritabilities, using the program Multivariate Prediction and Estimation (PEST) [ 18].
Hence, PV parent breeding value was based on a more complex and partly different DM yield trait relative to Me parent breeding value, which reflected only intrinsic yielding ability as revealed in the short term.
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