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The TP rate threshold value of 11.0 GPa was somewhat arbitrary although based on the recommended tree breeding value of 11 GPa.
The reason is that the breeding value of an individual can be considered as a combination of the breeding value of its parents and a Mendelian sampling term.
Most significant uses are estimation of breeding value of genotypes and marker-assisted selection studies (4).
The expected mean breeding value of a potential offspring was calculated as: mBV = MGBV s + MGBV d, where mBV is the expected breeding value of an offspring based on the parental average estimated breeding values, MGBVs is the estimated mean gamete breeding value of the sire, and MGBVd is the estimated mean gamete breeding value of the dam.
GS uses information about genome-wide marker associations to estimate the breeding value of candidate individuals.
FM reduced the variance of the average breeding value of the mates of an individual.
Genomic selection (GS) allows estimation of the breeding value of individuals, even for non-phenotyped animals.
The experimental design used here gives an estimate of the breeding value of a gamete, while a half-sib design provides estimates based on the breeding value of an individual [ 39, 40].
More reproductive cycles increase the breeding value of an animal not because it lives longer, but because it produces more.
For example, the probability that the breeding value of an offspring exceeds a certain threshold can be estimated.
Each method used phenotypes from the reference populations to estimate the breeding value of individuals in the test set.
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