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Caring for young is energy-demanding, and activation of the immune response during breeding results in lower reproductive success or parental effort (11 ).
The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in breeding results after insemination with fresh or with cooled, shipped semen among Norwegian Coldblooded trotter mares.
Ectodysplasia causes a significant economic loss: the use of heterozygous carriers in breeding results in a 25% chance of birth of an affected animal and 25% of birth of a carrier.
Accumulation of meiotic recombination events over many generations of breeding results in small haplotype blocks that provide high mapping resolution but also require high-density genotyping (>50K SNPs) to reconstruct the haplotypes.
In conclusion, the present results suggest that hind limb OA can contribute to lower breeding results, probably mainly by rendering the bulls difficulties when mounting, but also by indirectly affecting the spermatogenesis negatively.
We found that the increase in inbreeding (ΔF) per generation was higher with GS than with RRS, which was somewhat out of line with previous animal breeding results, as reviewed in Bouquet and Juga [ 28], where GS was found to reduce ΔF per generation compared to traditional breeding.
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This behavior has been attributed to several reasons including the susceptibility of humans and the mosquito vectors of the virus- conditions facilitating mosquito breeding result in high vector density and ability of the vector to efficiently transmit the virus [1, 4, 5].
Decades of breeding resulted in superior ryegrass and fescue cultivars outperforming their wild progenitors.
In breeding male ground squirrels, provisioning them with food at the start of breeding resulted in greater numbers of leukocytes (Bachman 2003).
The participation of mature male parr in breeding resulted in a 3.07-fold increase in male Nb and a 1.79-fold increase in population Nb.
Response to selection was then evaluated by testing whether breeding resulted in a significant change in the binomial proportion of observed phenotypes as evaluated with exact binomial tests.
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