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Given it is commonly accepted that genetic diversity both within and between populations is important to conserve, it is relevant to consider whether or not captive breeding programs can maintain genetic diversity.
While empirical and theoretical studies both suggest that most salmonid captive breeding programs can maintain genetic diversity over several captive generations, considerable uncertainty remains with respect to the capability of many programs to maintain genetic diversity over the longer-term.
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An important final consideration is that material identified in breeding programs can be assigned a genotype.
This review on the extent to which captive breeding programs can conserve salmonid biodiversity reveals numerous trends and uncertainties.
As a result, the population of elephants in U.S. zoos is dwindling faster than captive breeding programs can replenish it.
Current breeding programs can use the knowledge of this study in the genomic evaluation of selection candidates.
The use of proline content in breeding programs can also be limited by the accuracy of phenotyping.
Consequently, even if levels of neutral genetic diversity can be sufficiently maintained in captivity, caution must be exercised in interpreting such data for risk assessment and the ability of captive breeding programs to maintain fitness, a subject treated in detail in the next section.
Breeding programs intended to maintain endangered species in American zoos have been around for decades.
Perhaps encouragement to publish timely, peer-reviewed literature would be a means of ensuring that (i) captive-breeding programs adhere to evaluating their goals, (ii) knowledge from captive-breeding programs can be integrated for meta-analyses, and (iii) captive-breeding procedures can be modified if new information suggests that this would improve the effectiveness of programs.
We were able to understand the effectiveness of early generation selection in the marker-assisted introgression program for drought because the breeding program maintained systematic data for both genotyping and phenotyping conducted over the past six or more years.
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