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Furthermore, a two-line hybrid rice system by application of EGMS has many advantages, including a wider range of germplasm resources used as breeding parents, higher yields, and simpler procedures for breeding and hybrid seed production (Virmani et al. 2003; Zhou et al. 2012).
N 0,t) is calculated such that the overall population size remains steady by setting the birth rate equal to the total death rate and νi(t) is calculated from the haplotype frequency of the breeding parents, which comprise all animals within the fertile age range [aF1, aF2].
Primer pairs from sequences flanking 289 EST-SSRs were tested to detect polymorphisms in elite breeding parents and their crosses.
Another possibility is that the breeding parents of CrW contained the latent mutations of these two genes.
Other octoploids suitable for consideration as breeding parents and/or for this study were also tested for marker cosegregation with the γ-D phenotype.
Whole genome sequencing and re-sequencing will facilitate diagnostic tests and selection without limitation of specific breeding parents or population structures.
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In a recent work published in The American Nurseryman, a trade magazine, Dr. Ackerman outlined his efforts in using the fall-flowering C. oleifera (the tea-oil plant) as one of the breeding parent plants.
Thus, experimental mice were the F2 offspring of homozygous knock-out (KO) or WT parents obtained by breeding heterozygous parents.
Phalaenopsis equestris is another important breeding parent for the miniature type of multi-flowers and artificial hybrids with white petals and sepals and a red lip (Men et al. 2003; Tang and Chen 2007).
In addition Amur grape is used as a valuable breeding parent for cold tolerance and resistance to devastating grape diseases like downy mildew, powdery mildew and anthracnose.
It has been suggested that when using Sahara as a breeding parent, there may be linkage drag of unfavourable traits together with the 4H allele, or pleiotropic effects of the 4H tolerance allele in different backgrounds [ 26, 27].
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