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Indeed, elemental analyses of feathers moulted in wintering areas were more successful in assigning birds to their breeding origin than to their wintering areas (64.0% vs. 33.4% of correct classification; Table 1).
To solve the second problem, we developed an optimization model that incorporated information on migratory connectivity, using stable-hydrogen isotopes (δD) to estimate the breeding origin of individuals sampled on the tropical wintering grounds [14] (Figure 1; Supporting Information, Table S1).
Similarly, we found no clear relationship of either B toxicity parameter to breeding origin (Additional file 7: Table S4).
Development of a technically reliable, time-saving and easily used marker system is needed to quantify and characterize breeding origin of progeny plants of targeted parents.
For example, despite a contrasting breeding origin, 'Intro' and 'Tokak' possess the same alleles at all the significant SNPs associated with frost tolerance in the kinship model (Table 1).
In an actual example (population 1) with 46 individuals derived from naturally wind pollination, four sets of randomly selected duplexes containing eight markers were enough to discriminate the breeding origin of each progeny (inbreeding vs. outcrossing).
Similar(50)
The genome of X. couchianus (Fig. 2a, red ring) has the fewest species-specific polymorphisms compared to the other two species, reflective of the sibling line breeding origins of this sequenced individual, but the distribution of species-specific polymorphisms along chromosomes are similar in the two platyfish and as expected rates of polymorphisms are higher near the ends of chromosomes.
After the end of the third recording of the second test fish the dominant fish were returned to their tank of origin in our breeding stock as quickly as possible to prevent social instability in their original groups.
Several peregrine subspecies were included in the breeding stock, including birds of Eurasian origin.
Our argument is based on redefining the vectors of breeding values by breed origin such that they do not include individuals with null contributions.
Even though in our derivation we assumed a two-breed composite population, the generalization to p breeds requires only redefining the appropriate vectors of breeding values by breed origin.
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