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Nitrogen discrimination factors ranged from 2 to 5 ‰ depending on the ectoparasite species, host tissue type and breeding locality (Table 1), but was generally greater for lice (Δ15Nfeather-Ha = 4.12±1.49, Δ15Nfeather-Ae = 3.10±1.01, Δ15Nfeather-Sp = 3.81±1.11, Δ15Nblood-Xg: 2.69±0.62).
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Within each basin, among breeding localities, we also found differences in carbon and nitrogen isotope values among both ectoparasites and host tissues, although to a lesser extent.
To examine the extent of geographic variation in stable isotope signatures, we tested for differences in carbon and nitrogen mean isotope values among breeding localities and between regions in each ectoparasite species and host tissue using univariate ANOVA.
The highest concentration of these breeding localities is the South Atlantic where the species breeds on the South Georgia, South Orkney, South Shetland, and South Sandwich Islands.
However, species δ15N and blood OC levels were not correlated within most breeding localities.
The species is fairly sedentary and can be found in the vicinity of their breeding localities all year long.
To examine their relative influence, we analyzed PCBs, DDTs and stable-nitrogen isotope signatures (δ15N) in the blood of 10 pelagic seabird species across 7 breeding localities from the northeast Atlantic and western Mediterranean.
Ultimately these changes lead to an increase in dispersive behaviour and an improved capacity for colonizing new breeding localities.
At the colony level, due to the limited sample size in some colonies, we restricted the analysis to 3 breeding localities (St. Maria, Lanzarote and Eivissa) (Table S1).
Black-browed albatrosses feed mainly on squid, fish and krill (reviewed in Xavier et al. [21]), but the deep-water toothfish constitutes an important component of their diet in some breeding localities [22].
Although we included the most recent data on the location of breeding colonies, these localities have shifted in the past [78].
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