The goal is to establish breeding lines of the engineered rice and make it available to farmers in developing countries.
zABL: advanced backcross breeding lines having Xa4 + xa5 + Xa21 genes.
Test the presence of new alleles in breeding lines and initiate crossing as needed.
DNA fingerprints have been developed establishing the genetic relatedness among cultivars, new releases, and breeding lines.
Between 1978 and 1985, nearly 40,000 germplasms (accessions and breeding lines) were screened for the best drought tolerant germplasm; however, the majority of the top 20 outstanding germplasms were breeding lines (de Datta et al. 1988).
Genetic diversity of Thai rice were 0.3665, 0.4479 and 0.3972 for improved cultivars, breeding lines, and landraces, respectively, while genetic diversity of IRRI improved and breeding lines were 0.3272 and 0.2970, respectively.
The proportion of IRRI breeding lines in Pop1 was 93.59 % (73 of 78), while it was only 30.09 % in Pop4.
These germplasm could be used to develop breeding lines with desirable traits, and they are available to other countries.
The material consisted of Malaysian landraces, breeding lines, varieties, cultivars and introductions (Additional file 3: Table S8).
Breeding lines with two drought-tolerance QTLs (qDTY2.2 + qDTY4.1) introgressed into IR64 showed improved performance under drought stress.
Shackleford has champion breeding lines on both sides.
