It also has implications for breeding because knowledge of the localization of resistance gene clusters would aid in the combination of disease resistances and alleles conferring desirable agronomic characters using marker-assisted selection (MAS) [ 9].
Effective plant breeding requires knowledge of Musa genome evolution and structure (Dolezel and Bartos, 2005), complemented with functional genomics, allowing bioinformatics and gene discovery.
An integration of modern, novel, and affordable breeding strategies with knowledge of associated mechanisms, interactions, and associations among related or unrelated traits/factors is necessary in rice breeding improvement programs.
In fact the submergence tolerant (flood resistant) rice that is on the market is not GM, but instead marker assisted selection (MAS), normal breeding informed by knowledge of the genome and supported by environmentalists and organic organisations, was used to develop it.
Overall, the cost-effectiveness of COB was high as it produced widely adapted genotypes from a small breeding programme, and knowledge of farmers' preferences increased the efficiency of targeting new germplasm.
The application of robust markers in marker-assisted breeding based on knowledge of how resistance operates in apple roots would also facilitate the development of new resistant cultivars, since most root diseases are difficult to phenotype on single plants.
And, with the help of scientific knowledge of breeding patterns and life-cycles, fishing seasons were introduced for some species.In this section What price coral?
To protect breeding adults, we require knowledge of animal movements, how movement relates to political boundaries, and our confidence in spatial analyses of movement.
Adequate protection of breeding females, however, requires knowledge of three key elements: (1) the movements of animals between nesting events; (2) how these movements relate to management and political boundaries; and (3) our level of confidence in the precision of inferred movements given the methods used relative to the spatial scale of analyses.
Determining the relevance of social interactions for breeding programs requires the knowledge of the genetic parameters underlying such interactions (Bijma et al. 2007b).
