Whether through the protection of breeding innovations under plant variety rights protection laws or through the patenting of genes and gene fragments, the increasing involvement of IPRs in agriculture has effected a shift of agricultural research from public to private institutions.
In this regard, plant breeding innovations and genetic engineering approaches have been used in the past for generating stress tolerant crop genotypes, but due to complex inheritance of abiotic stress tolerance these approaches are not enough to bring significant trait improvement and to guarantee world's future sustenance security.
We then point out the prospect of functional rice from the point of view of social development, germplasm innovation, breeding of functional rice by biological technology and the test of active material related functional rice.
Today's universities, with their access to the world's best academic experts and cutting edge technology, are breeding grounds for innovation.
And as Louis Brandeis famously wrote, the states are our laboratories of democracy, and I'd add, the cities are our breeding grounds of innovation within those.
It left many would-be indies out in the cold and discouraged innovation while breeding terrible working practises.
Breeding practices have demonstrated that the discovery of specific germplasm and innovation in breeding materials are critical to successful breakthroughs in the development of super-hybrid rice (Cheng2000).
Despite their small numbers, the expertise and care that American falconers put into their craft has propelled them to the forefront of breeding and bird-based innovation.
These were also popular in still life paintings: apples, onions, squashes, turnips, artichokes, cabbages, and orange Horn carrots―which represented Dutch innovation in breeding new varieties.
If we've learned anything from the financial crisis, it seems that new regulations on Wall Street always have a way of breeding another generation of "financial innovation" meant to circumvent them.
