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Although the studied populations do not include the entire known breeding distribution for the species [mainly missing the central and eastern Mediterranean; 25], with the results presented here we can assign with confidence the geographic origin (at large scale) of these shearwaters using the biogeochemical values of their breeding feathers.
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The final male breeding plumage results from the replacement of both winter and striped feathers, but the female retains the striped feathers and replaces only the winter feathers to reach her summer plumage.
The female is sandy-brown with light-blue tail feathers; it is smaller than the male, which, in breeding plumage, has a bright-blue body, black bill, and white wings.
In breeding plumage, she has grey-brown upperparts with white-fringed, dark-centred feathers.
This feather is in the centre of the white wing patch, which is much larger in the breeding plumage of males than females.
This feather is at the centre of the white wing patch, which is much larger in the breeding plumage of males than females.
Feather samples from the center of the back (which are colored red-orange) were taken from all adult males in breeding plumage (N = 241) for color quantification using reflectance spectrometry.
Through breeding the feather colour out of the bird, before long, a white became standard.
The remainder are bronze on white, the darker colour being the dominant gene, a practice that may well increase as retailers look to reduce costs by breeding the bronze feather on to fast-grown whites.
A major moult to adult breeding plumage occurs in the next February to June, between 40 90% of feathers being replaced.
In this study, we attempted to separate the role of winter habitat carry-over effects and the role of intrinsic quality on plumage characteristics that are associated with breeding events by using two feather groups, moulted at different points in the annual cycle.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com