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The breeding densities of birds vary from one pair in many square miles, as in some birds of prey, to such species as the fulmar, which forms colonies numbering as many as 250,000.
After dramatic decreases everywhere in Denmark, corn buntings retain highest breeding densities associated with mixed agriculture, especially where grassland and spring sown barley remained in greatest extent.
To assess the importance of mature forest for Goshawk populations in southeastern Norway, we compared breeding densities from 20 municipalities with different percentages of farmland and mature forest.
We conducted an inventory of birds in an agricultural landscape of 45 000 ha in the Northwest Russia, compared breeding densities of farmland species among existing fields types, and followed the seasonal pattern of field use by birds over a period of three months of May–July.
The introduced population in New Zealand has been very successful, with breeding densities much higher than in the UK.
In prime habitat, breeding densities reach 100 200 pairs per square kilometre (250 500 pairs per square mile) in northern Europe, and 500 900 pairs per square kilometre (1,250 2,250 pairs per square mile) in Italy.
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In this study, tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding density was altered to modify levels of social competition and yolk testosterone.
The combined trends in reproductive success and breeding density in this study support the contention that the reduction of pasture in modern agricultural landscape may be one reason why starling population size has declined.
Alauda arvensis breeding density in cropped areas ranged from 0.20 to 0.65 pairs per ha, compared with 0.90 to 1.10 per ha for areas of set aside during the same period.
In landscapes with high grassland cover, the breeding density of open farmland birds was higher in meadow fallows than in grassland fallows, while the reverse was true in landscapes with low perennial grassland cover.
Clutch size is also affected by environmental and seasonal conditions, female age, and breeding density.
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