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Random mating is not a realistic assumption for breeding but it provides a simple baseline model to interpret results.
To date, most forestry GS studies were conducted within the confines of a single "environment model" similar to those GS studies conducted in animal breeding programs where the assumption of a common environment was invoked.
Therefore, standard GS linear models currently used in plant and animal breeding do not meet the assumptions required for categorical data.
Dynamics similar to those that brought down subprime mortgages have been at work in the horse business: no-money-down lending and a breeding market based on the assumption of ever-rising prices.
Although breeding values rely on the assumption of additive inheritance, the predictive capabilities of ANN are of interest from the perspective of their potential to increase the accuracy of prediction of molecular breeding values used for genomic selection.
Based on the structure of the breeding program, this is a realistic assumption that motivates the approaches described in the following.
We regard Equation 1 as an approximation because it depends on a number of population genetic assumptions that rarely hold in breeding populations, particularly in plant breeding (Goddard 1986; Lynch and Walsh 1998; Piepho et al. 2008).
Changes in management, breeding and cropping area were covered by other data and assumptions as described in sections 2.3 and 2.4.
Early studies about properties of MAS are in most cases based on nucleus breeding programs [ 17, 18], but this assumption does not hold for the majority of cattle breeding programs in Europe.
Lastly, we discuss the model assumptions and the implications of the analytic results on haplotype reconstructions and breeding designs.
The usual assumption about domestic animals is that the process of taming and breeding them happened once.
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