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Yarwood & Evans (2006) suggest co-production of animal and locality takes place at the breed level.
Similar values were obtained at the breed level (from 0.31 for Labrador Retriever to 0.37 for Pekingese).
When analysed at the breed level, the total number of SNP differed significantly (chi, P < 10-3) breedsn breeds, whereas their distribution did not (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney).
At the breed level, the mean number of alleles per locus was about 6, with an allelic richness corrected for sample size of about 5 and a He of about 0.65.
At the breed level, the mean number of alleles per locus was 5.14, with an allelic richness corrected for sample size of 3.71 and an expected heterozygosity of about 0.53.
Because substantial changes to modest co-expression relationships provide such useful re-wiring information, no attempt is made during RIF to assess the significance of the individual (breed level) co-expression arrangements.
Similar(44)
sPCA was carried out on a between-breed level using the R packages ade4 [41] and adegenet [30].
We observed a moderate and weak population structure in Northern and Central-Southern breeds, respectively, with pairwise FST values between breeds ranging from 0.013 to 0.164 and 7.49 % of the total variance assigned to the between-breed level.
So far, the influence of such parameters has been investigated only in very specific contexts and the relationship between gene flow and genetic structure has been mainly studied at the between-breed level [ 11, 12].
The AMOVA analysis [See Additional file 2: Table S2] assigned 7.49%% of the total variance to the between-breed level, while only 2.11%% of the variance explained the clustering of breeds into geographical groups (Northern Italy, Central Italy, Southern Italy and islands).
However, there is insufficient evidence indicating that methylation differences exist at subspecies or breeds level.
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