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This is a phrase all good dogs understand -- it means drop that sock, drop that rotting carcass -- and humans would be well advised to apply it to the slightly less tangible matter of snobbery and breed bias.
No breed bias was observed in the prediction of manure solids excretion, however, making that equation equally appropriate for Jerseys and Holsteins.
Equations from American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers underpredicted observed values for all manure measures evaluated (urine, manure solids, N, wet manure), and breed bias was observed in equations predicting excretion of urine, N, and wet manure.
There was a strong correlation between sex and breed bias expression, although the most breed biased genes were not the most sex biased genes.
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Nevertheless, although the most breed – biased genes tend to be also sex biased, the most sex biased genes are not among the most breed biased genes.
Four modules were particularly 'enriched' in breed biased genes (P << 10-6).
This would help to explain why sex biased and breed biased genes partially overlap (Table 7, Figure 4).
Nevertheless, the strong presence of breed biased genes in the male gonads cannot be explained solely by changes in spermatogenesis nor by differences in the reproductive tract development.
Here, first we identified sets of highly correlated genes (modules) within each tissue using standard techniques [ 25], followed by an assessment of whether any module was enriched in breed biased genes.
We reasoned that, assuming that genes in a given module tend to work coordinately, because their expression is highly correlated, an excess of breed – biased genes in a module should help to uncover metabolic pathways that have been primarily affected by breed divergence.
We speculate that the use of all markers inflated the LD observed for indicine and composite breeds (or biased the LD for taurine breeds downwards).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com