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Selection criteria were age 6 to 9 years, CVS 1 skeletal maturation, Class I, unilateral functional posterior crossbite, early mixed dentition, upper and lower first molars erupted, no systemic disease, no previous orthodontic treatment, no asymmetries, and breathing function improvement confirmed by PSG examination after treatment.
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Statistical analysis of breathing function measurements shows that DMSXL mice have impaired respiratory function.
PSG examinations revealed significant improvement of breathing function after RME which, then, seemed not related to an improvement of the oropharyngeal airway volume.
Among the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment, improvements in breathing function were reported [11 13].
The muscles tire, and the breathing function is impaired, so there's less oxygen entering the bloodstream".
The comparison shows that the previously used breathing function is a weak model for the breathing mechanism in the cracked rotor even for small crack depths.
In Ref. [23], a Jeffcott rotor model was established, and a breathing function was synthesized using Fourier series to approximate the actual breathing process.
The gradual increase in PaCO2 eventually reaches the sensitivity threshold and restores normal breathing function.
However, their renal function improvement is limited.
Hence, two new breathing functions are identified to represent the actual breathing effect on the cracked element stiffness matrix.
The new breathing functions are used in formulating the time-varying finite element stiffness matrix of the cracked element.
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