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Three measures of pubertal development were obtained at age 11 including Tanner breast stage, estradiol levels, and mothers' reports of girls' development on the Pubertal Development Scale PDSS).
In instances where the average breast score was between two breast stages, the breast stage was rounded down because the higher breast stage has not been achieved.
Comparable associations of phytoestrogens with breast stage were seen in an earlier small study (Wolff et al. 2008).
Tanner pubertal stage was assigned based on breast stage for girls and pubic hair stage for boys.
There were 985 girls with biomarkers and visit 2 breast stage and 967 with visit 2 pubic hair stages.
At each visit, breast (B1 B5) and pubic hair (PH1 PH5) stages were assessed by inspection (and palpation for breast stage).
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dTanner breast stages were grouped into 1&2, 3 and 4&5 as a continuous varia.
At least one urinary biomarker measurement was available among 1,151 girls, 985 with breast stages.
Another alternative is that the child's mother evaluates her daughter's breast staging.
Due to small numbers, Tanner breast stages were grouped into 1&2, 3, and 4&5.
The prediction was highly accurate for samples from women with early stages of breast cancer, stage 0 and stage I.
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