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Here, breakthrough is defined as the time needed for the plume to achieve a pH mid-point between the ambient and the CO2 affected groundwater at the monitoring well.
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In our study, breakthrough was defined clinically and/or radiologically by the patient's MS specialist.
Nocturnal acid breakthrough was defined as the occurrence of intragastric pH < 4 for more than 1 h from 10 00 pm to 08 00 am [ 20].
Viral breakthrough was defined as a persistent (two consecutive determinations) on-treatment increase in serum HBV DNA level of >1 log10 copies/mL above the nadir level [ 12].
Viral breakthrough was defined as a patient having HCV RNA ≥LLOQ during treatment after having previously had HCV RNA
Virologic breakthrough was defined as having either two consecutive HBV DNA values ≥400 copies/mL after having been <400 copies/mL or two consecutive HBV DNA values >1 log10 copies/mL from nadir.
Breakthrough pain is defined as the 'transient exacerbation of pain occurring in a patient with otherwise controlled persistent pain' [ 1].
Breakthrough pain is defined as "the transient exacerbation of pain occurring in a patient with otherwise controlled persistent pain", 2 and is a common and distressful symptom.
Breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) is defined as a transitory exacerbation of pain to greater than moderate intensity, which occurs on a baseline pain of moderate intensity or less in a patient receiving opioid therapy. 1 The term "breakthrough" pain was coined by Hilgier in Poland. 2 The prevalence of BTCP in patients admitted to a hospice was assessed in a prospective survey.
These partnerships are hard to make successful, especially when success is defined as a breakthrough technology or achieving a 'big' performance improvement like a dramatic increase in hard drive memory or microprocessor speed.
Connie Smith's sound is defined by the Nashville Sound musical style, primarily during her breakthrough years in the 1960s.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com