Results of the measurements were recalculated into breaking force and breaking length.
These are the most suitable conditions for obtaining paper sheets with a high breaking length, tear and burst indices.
Significant changes of tensile and burst indices, breaking length, and air resistance were observed after the addition of 18% molasses.
The values of breaking force and breaking length that were calculated by zero-span measurements are identical in trends and in intensities.
The optimum values of breaking length, burst and tear index and folding endurance were 4683.7 (m), 30.99 (kN/g), 376.93 (mN m2/g) and 27.31, respectively.
The influence of temperature (150 170 °C), pulping time (15 45 min) and soda concentration (5 10%) in the pulping of abaca on the yield, kappa, viscosity, breaking length, stretch and tear index of pulp and paper sheets, was studied.
cooking temperature (165 195 °C) and time (30 90 min), ethanolamine concentration (5 15%), soda concentration (2.5 7.5%) and liquid/solid ratio (4 6)], on the yield and kappa number of the pulps and breaking length, burst index and tear index of the resulting paper sheets.
Ensuring the optimal breaking length (3550 m), stretch (1.42%), burst index (1.62 kN/g) and tear index (4.77 mNm2/g) entails using high temperature and medium-to-low ethanol concentration and time values; these conditions decrease the yield and brightness below their optimum levels (78.91 and 30.50%, respectively).
The influence of operational variables in the pulping of vine shoots by use of ethanolamine [viz. temperature (155 to 185 °C), cooking time (30 to 90 min) and ethanolamine concentration (50 to 70%, v/v)] on the properties of the resulting pulp (viz. yield, kappa index and viscosity) and paper sheets (breaking length, stretch, burst index, tear index and brightness) was studied.
A central composite factor design was used to examine the influence of independent variables in the acetone pulping of wheat straw (processing temperature, time, and acetone concentration) on the yield of the resulting pulp, and on various physical properties of paper sheets (breaking length, stretch, burst index, tear index and brightness) obtained from it.
