Additionally, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) should facilitate breaking the linkage between Medicaid reimbursement to hospitals and patients' scores on pain management questions in the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems.
A potential way to avoid reconstructing the elite genome would be to randomly mate the initial landrace × elite individuals for several generations to recombine the elite and landrace segments, breaking the linkage between the favorable and unfavorable alleles in the landrace segments e.g., [ 12, 30].
If QTL clusters contain tightly linked but distinct genes, as in these examples, the problem of linkage drag can be overcome by repeated crossing and careful marker-assisted selection to break the linkage between desirable and undesirable genes and to select the ideal combination of alleles.
Under conditions of continued hybridisation, recombination and independent assortment will break the linkage between alternative diagnostic genotypes and their respective genetic ancestry background.
More importantly, ETD generally does not break the linkage between PTMs and their modified residues, thus CID-labile PTMs can be well preserved during ETD, providing specific site information [ 56].
Recombination not only allows advantageous mutations present in different lineages to be combined and fixed in the same lineage, thus preventing clonal interference [ 19- 23], but also can break the linkage between the advantageous and disadvantageous mutations, thus counteracting "genetic load" [ 24- 27].
As a first step towards positional cloning of the gene, we previously mapped Sr2 on the short arm of chromosome 3B, constructed a high resolution map of the region [ 14], and were unable to break the linkage between Sr2, Lr27, powdery mildew resistance and the phenotypic marker, PBC [ 12].
Pretreatment with alkali such as NaOH could cause swelling of biomass, decrease the cellulose crystallinity, disrupt the lignin structure, and break the linkage between lignin and other carbohydrate fractions in lignocellulosic biomass, thus increasing the susceptibility of cellulose to enzymes [ 26- 30].
Furthermore, we have developed an assay to directly visualize the nascent minus-strand DNA products formed during protein priming by releasing them from HP using tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2, an enzyme able to specifically break the linkage between a tyrosine residues of a protein and the 5′ end of DNA.
Last month he spoke of the need to "break the linkages between organised criminal networks, our politics, businesses, communities, and I dare say my own service, the police".The murder rate has stopped rising, but it remains high.
We let the population evolve for 20 × (N/400) generations in order to break the linkage equilibrium between markers with a random drift force that does not depend on the effective population size.
