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While, trait-markers may provide an effective tool for breaking linkage drag.
Its use has been constrained by the long time periods required for introgression and the difficulty of breaking linkage blocks.
Alkaline pretreatments increases enzyme accessibility by degrading lignin and breaking linkage of lignin carbohydrates [ 4], in which ammonia pretreatment is widely applied due to the recoverability of ammonia.
LD and association studies for the arcelin gene, linked genes and other members of the APA family are essential for breaking linkage drag while maintaining high levels of bruchid resistance in common bean.
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This very weak effect is expected because IGC breaks linkage within blocks by transferring new variants from the other duplicate.
We also show that if crossover activity between duplications is strong enough, recurrent interlocus gene conversion events can break linkage disequilibrium within duplicates.
But when patience is exhibited and recombination has occurred to break linkage blocks to allow for introgression of interspecific segments, highly beneficial products can be obtained.
From this viewpoint, the ROC curve, which measures the ability to classify a locus as QTL vs. neutral, contains information about how well the experiment can break linkage disequilibrium between causal and neutral loci.
In most cases the associated HGLBs are located on different chromosomes of the fish genomes; however broken linkages were also observed between the mouse, rat and chicken genomes (Table S4).
The correlation coefficients were generally lower in RILs than in parents, indicating that random-mating did break linkages to a certain degree.
When hyphal networks are disturbed, AMF in the Gigasporaceae repair broken linkages by reconnecting the broken ends (de la Providencia et al. 2007) suggesting the family is not completely maladapted to disturbance.
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