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For example, girls with low levels of breakfast intake at baseline were most likely to set a goal to increase breakfast frequency.
Results with 9 to 11 year-olds replicated previous findings showing that breakfast intake enhances cognitive performance, particularly on tasks requiring processing of a complex visual display.
To describe age- and race-related differences in breakfast consumption and to examine the association of breakfast intake with dietary calcium and fiber and body mass index (BMI).
The decrease in plasma cholesterol associated with low-GI breakfast intake may reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
In summary, our study and these other studies all suggest that breakfast intake, or frequent consumption of foods associated with breakfast intake, is important for metabolic health.
We did not address the multi-collinearity between breakfast intake and other dietary, physical activity and psychosocial factors while relating breakfast intake to overweight and obesity.
The relation of breakfast intake frequency to metabolic health is not well studied.
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Breakfast intakes of energy, protein, niacin and folate did not differ between the groups.
The RTEC-breakfast group had higher breakfast intakes of carbohydrate, sugars, fibre, vitamin D, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn and K (all P< 0·0001), as well as vitamin B12 (P< 0·01).
In the only other study to examine a range of breakfast intakes, there was a gradient of BMI change in adolescents across categories of breakfast frequency, with never eaters experiencing the greatest increase and daily eaters experiencing the smallest increase (8).
Despite these positive associations of breakfast consumption with nutrient intake, 20%% of 9- to 13-year-old children and 32%% of 14- to 18-year-old adolescents studied in the 1999 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey did not eat breakfast, and the frequency of breakfast skipping has increased between the 1960s and the 1990s.
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