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Experimental results indicate that breakdown thresholds of dry air with nanoparticle seeding were significantly reduced compared to standard Paschen law.
Dielectric laser-driven accelerators (DLAs) can provide high accelerating gradients in the GV/m range due to their having higher breakdown thresholds than metals, which opens the way for the miniaturization of the next generation of particle accelerator facilities.
Although the calculations of optical breakdown thresholds by Vogel et al. are in very good agreement with experimental results in aqueous solution [ 10, 18], the used model neglected the influence of dye and biomolecules on the multiphoton and cascade ionization rates.
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This threshold is referred as the "breakdown threshold" (B).
The presence of a target decreases the breakdown threshold by 2 3 orders of magnitude [50].
Seeding with Al nanoparticles consistently has a lower breakdown threshold compared to seeding with Fe nanoparticles.
No secondary energy source was required to achieve this breakdown threshold reduction.
Compositional effects on the breakdown threshold are corrected employing a straightforward procedure.
In this model, ( r ) (adjustment parameter) and ( B ) (breakdown threshold) are empirical parameters, which have not been extensively researched.
Once the breakdown threshold was reached in each discharge, there was negligible difference in current at similar applied voltages.
A significant reduction of the breakdown threshold within a microdischarge could be a breakthrough that enables numerous applications.
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