This induced synovitis model using filipin demonstrated that cartilage degradation could occur in the absence of instability or traumatic disruption of the tissues and loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) staining was associated with early morphologic breakdown of the surface of the cartilage and loss of GAG staining throughout the ECM.
Reasons for the development of cavernous patterns might also be a different behaviour and interaction of highly soluble and poorly soluble salts [29, 35, 36] or a concequence of mechanical breakdown of stone surfaces exposed after crust removal [37].
Bacterial infections of the cornea usually occur after injury to, or breakdown of, the corneal surface, as few bacteria have the power to penetrate the intact surface layers of the cornea.
Chronic repetitive loading of the articular cartilage during sports activity can lead to progressive articular cartilage degradation with accumulation of catabolic enzymes and cytokines, fragmentation of collagen and aggrecan, and resultant fissuring and progressive breakdown of the articular surface.
Thus, any breakdown of the corneal surface or penetrating injury to the cornea results in the release of IL-1 and subsequent proinflammatory signalling and upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, and more IL-1 in underlying keratocytes [ 43, 44].
11 Repetitive loading of the injured articular cartilage during sports activity leads to cellular degeneration, accumulation of catabolic enzymes and cytokines, disruption of collagen ultrastructure and progressive macroscopic breakdown of the articular surface.
A breakdown of volume and surface area measurements indicated that, above all, the MCD of the Dd2-IRBCs is predominantly influenced by changes in volume of the parasitized cells as they mature (Fig. 3C).
Enhanced localized corrosion of magnesium alloy with chloride ions concentration shows that higher concentrated chloride ions results in the rapid initiation and quick growth of active spots, facilitates breakdown and high hydration of surface film.
The impingement of a streamwise vortex on a fin is investigated experimentally with high-image-density particle image velocimetry (PIV) and dynamic pressure transducers in order to relate the structure of vortex breakdown to the spectra of surface pressure along the fin.
